Sources

AI sources:
  • CS188 Artificial Intelligence (UC Berkeley course)

Computer Architecture sources:
  • CS61C Machine Structures and Computer Architecture (UC Berkeley course)

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Constraint Satisfaction Problems

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identification problem  - a problem in which the agent must identify whether it is a goal state or not, with no regards of how it arrives at that goal In identification problems, the goal itself it important, not the path of reaching the goal All paths have the same depth, which is the number of variables in the problem constraint satisfaction problem (CSP)  - an identification search problem in which each state must satisfy a number of constraints (limitations) in order to be a valid goal state In CSPs, states are partial assignments  of variables (i.e. some variables have been assigned values while others have not) constraint graph  - a graph whose nodes represent a CSP's variables and edges represent the constraints between the variables/nodes Components of a CSP variables - a set of $N$ variables ($X_1,...,X_N$) that can each take on a single value from the domain domain  - a set ${x_1,...,x_d}$ representing all possible values that a ...
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Tips on Pointers and Arrays in C

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*p++ vs. (*p)++   *p++ means *(p++) ++ binds to p , not to *p ++ will increment "p," not "*p," which is the thing that "p" points to The value of the expression *p++ is the value that p pointed to before being incremented ( *p ) Two useful charts Pointer arithmetic notes (~pointer~) += (~number~);  means  (~pointer~) += ~number~) * sizeof((~type~)); Pointer arithmetic addition adds multiples of the type size to the memory address Ex. If p is a pointer to an integer, then p += 1 means p += 1 * sizeof(int)   (~pointer name~) + 1 points to the next object in memory (returns a pointer to the next element)  (~pointer name~) + i points to the i -th object beyond (~pointer name~) in memory  (~pointer name~) += i increments (~pointer name~) to point to i elements beyond itself  Types of valid pointer arithmetic Adding an integer to a pointer Subtracting 2 pointers (in the same array) Comparing...
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Layers of Representation of Machine Structures

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Layers of representation (high to low level) High-level language program  high-level language - a programming language that uses English and mathematical symbols in its instructions (e.g. C)  High-level programming languages are abstractions to lower-level programming languages  compiler - turns high-level language problem into an assembly language program Assembly language program  assembly language - a low-level programming language for a computer in which there is a strong correspondence between the language and the architecture's machine code instructions (e.g. MIPS, x86, 32b ARM)  Assembly languages are abstractions of machine languages  Assembly code is human-readable version of computer's native machine code  There are different assembly languages for different CPUs following different ISAs (each assembly language is tied to a particular ISA)  assembler - turns assembly language program into machine language program ...
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